THE DEVELOPMENT OF GERMAN UNIVERSITIES IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

Abstract

The article deals with the history of the development of higher education system of Germany in the post-war period. The main stages of the development of higher education institutions in Federal Republic of Germany and German Democratic Republic are characterized, the main advantages and disadvantages are also given.

Realizing the transformations of higher education according to the Bologna Declaration Ukraine integrates the European educational environment, modernizes its higher education system according to the European demands, and develops the strategy of cooperation with EU countries in the branch of education in order to meet the European standards. Western European countries have gained great experience in higher education quality insurance during the second part of the XX century. German experience in this branch is of special interest and is being investigated by different countries. The main problems faced by Germany in the post war period are analyzed. Five periods in the development of higher education system of Western Germany are outlined.Each period is described and analyzed. The state of higher education system after the reunion of Germany is described, as well as general tendency of its further development is shown. The article deals with the most important changes in the system of higher education of Eastern Germany in the post war period, analyses main laws and regulations aimed to the reformation of this system according to the rules which were legal in Western Germany. The types of the universities which appeared after the renovation and restructuration process are described. The problems of this process, the disadvantages of the Eastern Germany education system, difficulties that had to be overcome are mentioned. It is underlined that experience of German education system, its investigating and understanding is of special importance for the functioning of the Ukrainian universities in modern European context.