EDUCATIONAL CONCEPT OF JANUSZ KORCZAK IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD PEDGOGY AT THE END OF THE NINETEENTH – AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

Abstract

The article is devoted to the educational system of the famous Polish scientist Janusz Korczak in the context of the development of the European pedagogical thought in the late nineteenth – early twentieth century. The basic reform approaches to the building of the educational institutions of the marked period taking into account the changes in economic and political life of the Western Europe and the USA are considered. In the context of reformatory pedagogy the model of educational system of J. Korczak, which is based on the problem of the re- lationship of the child and society is described. Giving preference to the child’s personality, a scientist reveals the purpose, objectives, forms, methods and means of upbringing the child on the principles of democracy, freedom, and creativity, which will meet the interests of the child and consider his personality. For this reali- zation teachers must holistically explore the child, remember that a child is a man, who as an adult has a past, present and future. The author focuses on forms of educational work, which contribute to the development of initiative, independence and activity of the child: children’s meeting; an own selection the reading books; dis- tribution and use of the children’s earnings; the child game and other. The children’s Seym, a friendly court, a school-wide newspaper, an information Board, a box for requests, a notary book, a referendum are referred to the leading democratic structures of the educational environment by J. Korczak. The importance of the educa- tional conception of J. Korczak in the context of historical retrospective is substantiated.