DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN WITH VIOLATION OF MENTAL DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND IN BETWEEN THE TWO WARS (1918–1939)
Abstract
The article chronicles the development of special education for children with intellectual disabilities in Poland in the interwar period. During the interwar period in Poland, which lasted more than 20 years, there was an evolution of views, forms of support and services for people with intellectual disabilities. Such evolution has had a different degree of implementation depending on the political, economic or socio-cultural factors of the country during this historical period.
The author analyzes the social status, lifestyle, form of care, education and upbringing of children with intellectual disabilities in the interwar period, which was named II Rzeczpospolita. The author notes that the independence of Poland in 1918 created hope for the construction of a modern Polish system of education, including special education. At this time, the Ministry of Education created a department of special schools led by Maria Gzhezhezhevskaya. Then the decision of the issues of training and education of children with intellectual disabilities resulted from the scientific and pedagogical movement of persons who had the appropriate education, knowledge and desire to help such children.
The article briefly describes the development of special education in this period, the activities of scientists and educators in the field oligophrenopedagogics, the activities of Maria Grzegorzewska, the activities of the National Institute of Special Education, the impact of pedagogical congresses.
The National Institute for Special Education played a leading role in the development of special pedagogy in Poland. The main task of the Institute was to train teachers and educators to work in special schools. At the same time, the institution conducted research in the field of special pedagogy.
The author also describes the changes that took place in this direction in Poland due to changes in the socio-political situation in the country.
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