SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING THE FUNDAMENTALS OF GENETICS AND CYTOLGY IN INSTITUTIONS OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION (METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT)

Abstract

Provide students with deep, strong and conscious knowledge of the basics of genetics and cytology,to implement educational and developmental functions of the subject can be a teacher who has masteredthe basics of biological sciences in the university, fluent in the content of school textbooks. No less importantis his training in psychology, pedagogy and, of course, in the field of theory and methods of teaching biologyin general. The article considers the system of biological education of modern school, education and developmentof students in the learning process, methods and techniques of teaching, the main traditional and innovativeforms of organization of the educational process, optional and elective classes, forms and types of extracurricularactivities, material base of genetics and cytology.To a large extent, success in solving the problems of school biological education in the country is determinedby the methods of teaching biology in general. In the near future, teachers of methodology will have to solvea number of problems focused on the development of school biological education.The first task is related to the selection of the content of education and the construction of the logicof the learning process based on the professional qualifications of the teacher of biology and the basicsof genetics and cytology in particular.The second is the organization of educational and cognitive activities of schoolchildren. In practice, thereis a fact – in the explanatory-illustrative learning cognitive activity of students, despite all attempts to intensifyit, mostly remains reproductive. It is necessary to prepare future teachers of the basics of genetics and cytologyto work in the system of organization of collective educational and cognitive activities of students.The third problem is related to the availability of computer equipment and the creation of high-qualityprograms, which, depending on the specific didactic tasks can be control, training, modelling, games, etc.But it should be remembered that at all costs, computer programs are only a means of improving efficiency,a teacher’s assistant, which does not replace the teacher himself.If the methods of teaching the basics of genetics and cytology can successfully cope with these problems,it will be confident that the system of biological education will be at the forefront, to prepare the youngergeneration with biological thinking and ready for practice.