METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF MATHEMATICAL ACTIONS OF PRIMARY CLASSES’ PUPILS WITH DIFFICULTIES IN THE MATHEMATICS’ LEARNING

Abstract

In the article the methodological approaches to a formation of mathematical actions of primary classes’ pupils who have met the difficulties during mathematics’learning are shown. It’s defined the specific mechanisms of mathematics’ learning, non-formation of which can lead to persistent academic failure on mathematics. It is accented an attention on the peculiarities of a development and studying activity of the young schoolchildren with difficulties of mathematics’ learning. Its given the results of experimental investigation of the levels of a formation of basic mathematical operations of pupils of the second grade who meet the difficulties during mathematics’ learning by the following indexes: a verbal designation of mathematical notions; mastering the system of calculus of concrete and visual subjects or its symbols; ability to a reading and understanding of mathematical signs; skills of writing of mathematical signs and correctly reproduce the geometrical figures; making arithmetical calculations.It’s represented the comparative analysis of levels of a formation by investigative indexes, it’s outlined the main types of difficulties during making of mathematical actions. It is outlined that it is necessary to change the pedagogical approaches to the learning of mathematics on the primary levels, as a work with the usage of isolated methods directed on the formation of one from mathematical actions is a little effective that is why it is necessary to use a complex of methods where every of which is supposed the development of one operation and in the interaction they influence on the formation of integral action. In the final part of article it is considered the levels of a difficulty during mathematics’ learning after Krus Bergen and Van Luit particularly: the first – formation of the basic skills: learning of calculations, classifications, understanding of number and figure; the second – formation of the main skills which represented by four mathematical operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division; the third level – formation of skills of the problems’ solutions which are connected with a correct usage of the above mentioned skills to the different situations. It is found the methods which dependently on the level of formation of the arithmetical operations can be applied as means of prophylactics of appearing in pupils of primary school the difficulties of mastering by arithmetical actions or just during the initial formation of the formation of mathematical operations: method of motional (motor) image of figure, method of figure reconstruction, method of digital construction, game method in digital lotto, work with tables of Shulte, method of solving of arithmetical tasks, methods which are attended to informational and communicative technologies.