METHODS OF DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL SKILLS IN STUDENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE FORM OF LEARNING

Abstract

The article considers the problem of organizing experimental activities of students in order to develop experimental skills in terms of distance learning. Experimental authors consider the skills that a student should have to conduct independent research of physical objects. An important component of the development of these skills is the practical activities of students using appropriate physical equipment. The complexity of fulfilling this condition is exacerbated by distance learning (for example, during quarantine in educational institutions). As a variant of solving this problem of distance learning, it is proposed to use didactic methods that reveal the greatest compensatory opportunities for the development of students’ experimental skills in physics. As a substantiation of this idea the research of psychologists and didactics concerning possible replacement of one combination of didactic methods by another for achievement of the certain purpose of training is specified. The author’s methods having such compensatory possibilities are described. These methods are: the use of visual physical tasks; use of “home” experimental, inventive and design tasks; use of virtual laboratories and electronic simulators of physical experiments. These methods reveal significant compensatory opportunities for the development of students’ experimental skills in physics and do not require an experiment in a physical laboratory. It is emphasized that gaining experience in using these methods should be a mandatory component of the training of future physics teachers. The article presents the author’s examples of visual physical problems that can be used to test the level of formation of students’ knowledge and skills necessary for successful experimental activities; experimental, inventive and design tasks that do not require complex equipment; the role of electronic simulations in the development of students’ experimental skills is indicated. Further research will be related to the development of a series of experimental problems structured by sections of physics, which can be offered to students also in terms of distance learning.