FEATURES OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF COMMITMENT IN EUROPEAN EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE

Abstract

The article reveals the main principles and approaches of attachment psychology in European educationaland educational practice. The concept of attachment is defined as a close connection of a child with a significantadult or adults, the term was introduced by John Bowlby. The main ideas of German researchers regarding the theoryof attachment are presented. Specifically, the opinion of Sven Fuchs regarding the influence of the surroundingsocial and political system on the formation of a child’s personality is determined. Children carry what theyexperienced in childhood into their future, this includes injuries, fears, expectations, stereotypes, etc.The important theory of attachment of Dr. Carl Brisch, a specialist in the field of child and adolescentpsychiatry, and his work “Attachment and Psychosomatics” is presented, which emphasizes the value of stablerelationships with parents and caregivers as a central protective factor for a stable immune system of the mindand body. The article raises an eternal question about parenting strategies, namely, what is the most effective inthe development and formation of a harmoniously developed child’s personality, an authoritarian modelof parenting or a liberal style with complete freedom of actions and interests of children. There is currently noclear answer to this question.The main types of attachment are given, namely reliable, avoidant, disorganized, anxious-ambivalent types.The way parents behave forms a certain type of attachment. The point of view that attachment is necessaryfor human development is emphasized. The main “three whales” on which a family should be built in orderfor a child to form a reliable type of attachment are listed, these are: mutual respect, clear rules, the principleof behavior – adults together.The final part of the article examines the main principles of building a comfortable and effective environmentfor children in an educational context: the principle of presence, the importance of eye contact, the principleof reflection and sensitivity, verbal, emotional, resource-oriented resonance, the principle of willingness tohelp, restoration of unanimity.